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A measure of a company’s operational performance that excludes non-operating items like interest and taxes, along with non-cash charges like depreciation and amortization. Therefore it is commonly used as a proxy for cash flow from operations.

A measure of a company’s profitability that reflects earnings generated from operations before accounting for interest expenses and taxes.

A measure of a company’s profitability that reflects the total earnings after all expenses, including interest, taxes, and other costs, have been deducted from revenue. It represents the final ’bottom line’ of a company’s income statement.

Earnings Per Share (EPS) represents a company's net income divided by the number of outstanding shares. EPS is a key metric for evaluating a company's profitability on a per-share basis, providing insight into how much profit is generated for each share owned by investors.

A measure of a company’s equity value on a per-share basis, calculated by dividing total equity (assets minus liabilities) by the number of outstanding shares. It represents the net asset value attributable to each share of stock.

The cash flow generated by a company’s core operations after deducting capital expenditures necessary to maintain or expand the asset base. It represents the actual cash available for discretionary use, such as paying down debt or distributing dividends.

The amount of cash a company generates after covering its operating expenses and capital expenditures. Free cash flow represents the cash available for reinvestment, debt repayment, dividends, or other corporate activities, making it a key indicator of financial flexibility and long-term sustainability.

The funds a company uses to acquire, upgrade, or maintain physical assets, such as property, equipment, or technology. CAPEX is recognized as a cash outflow on the cash flow statement under investing activities and is capitalized on the balance sheet as an asset.

The total dividends paid by a company divided by the number of outstanding shares. DPS represents the amount of earnings distributed to shareholders and is a key metric for evaluating a company’s payout policy.